Estudio semidetallado de suelos con fines de riego en el cultivo de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum l.) en finca Pachonté, Mazatenango, Suchitepéquez.

Jom García, Herber Alberto (2021) Estudio semidetallado de suelos con fines de riego en el cultivo de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum l.) en finca Pachonté, Mazatenango, Suchitepéquez. Other thesis, USAC.

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Abstract

ABSTRACT SEMI-DETACHED STUDY OF SOILS FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES IN THE CULTIVATION OF SUGAR CANE (Saccharum officinarum L.) IN PACHONTÉ FARM, MAZATENANGO, SUCHITEPÉQUEZ. This document contains the inferential research report carried out at the Pachonté farm of Ingenio Palo Gordo, Mazatenango, Suchitepéquez. Sugar Cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is cultivated on this farm. The research was part of the Supervised Professional Exercise of the Engineering Degree in Tropical Agronomy at the University of San Carlos de Guatemala. The objective of the research was to carry out a semi-detailed study of soils for irrigation purposes in the cultivation of (Saccharum officinarum L.) in Pachonté farm. The study identified two different components of the landscape for the location of soil sampling points, with the samples obtained the soil moisture constants and texture were determined, this together with the climatic information and water requirements of the crop in the Pachonté farm allowed to determine areas of the farm that require the same amount of irrigation water. Soil water infiltration tests were also carried out, which made it possible to identify areas suitable for irrigation with high and low discharge sprinklers. With the information obtained, thematic maps were elaborated with the use of a digital tool of the Geographic Information System (GIS) to identify areas of the Pachonté farm that require similar management of irrigation before and after cutting sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.). During the pre-cut irrigation in an area of 391.42 hectares the frequency should be seven days with a gross sheet of 43.1 millimeters and for the other area with 184.11 hectares the frequency should be five days with a gross sheet of 31 millimeters. While for post-cut irrigation, the irrigation frequency should be teen days, gross sheet of 41.6 millimeters and eight days with gross sheet of 33.2 millimeters respectively. The irrigation sheets obtained from the study are smaller than those that were applied before the investigation; This affects the operating time of the issuers available at the Pachonté farm. The economic analysis of the study indicates that when irrigating with the data obtained from it, less irrigation sheet is applied, but more frequently, this results in a reduction of the cost benefit compared to current management, so the crop must suffer water stress to maintain the cost benefit ratio.

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